Analyse the question

Use question analysis for assignments, exam essays and short answer questions.

Apply the following steps to all question analysis:

1. Read the whole question twice

It is important that you interpret the question accurately and clearly. First impressions can lead to an error which may fail to meet your marker's expectations.

2. Look for instruction words

In most of your university essay questions, you will find one or more instruction words that tell you what your essay should do. Therefore, to interpret the question accurately, you must understand exactly what these words mean.

Instruction wordDefinition
Account forGive reasons for something.
AnalyseFocus on the ‘how’ and ‘why’ of an issue or topic. Do not simply describe or
summarise.
CompareFind similarities and differences between two or more objects, ideas, events or
theories.
ContrastSimilar to compare, but differences should be emphasised
CriticiseAssess the merit of something. Consider both good points and bad points and give the
results of your analysis.
DefineGive precise meanings with key details. Examples may be useful.
DescribeRecall specific details about size, cost, texture, appearance etc.
DiscussPresent a point of view after considering both sides of an issue or question. Your
opinion should be supported by arguments and evidence.
EvaluateConsider both strengths and weaknesses and make a judgement.
ExplainRelate how something happens in the order in which it occurs, or, clarify reasons,
causes and effects.
IllustrateUse examples to demonstrate a point.
InterpretExpress in your own words. Examples may be useful.
ListWrite your answer as an itemized series which may be in point form.
OutlineProvide main points and leave out minor details
ProveGive factual evidence, examples or clear logical reasons which demonstrate the
validity of a statement/idea.
RelateTell the story in clear sequence, or, show how things are connected or similar to each
other.
ReviewExamine a subject critically, analysing and commenting on the main points.
StatePresent the main points in brief, clear sequence.
SummariseGive the main points or facts in condensed form.
To what extentConsider both sides, make a judgment and defend it. Similar to evaluate or discuss.
TraceRelate the progress, development or history of a subject.
3. Look for topic words (or keywords)

Topic words (or keywords) are usually easy to locate. They tell you what you have to write about. Use these keywords to find information on your topic.

4. Look for any other words that restrict the topic in any way

Restricting words are words or phrases that narrow the topic and make it more specific. Geographical location and date are both common restrictions.

5. Rewrite the question 

Once you have analysed the question, check your understanding. Try to rewrite the question using
your own words by completing the following sentence in no more than 25 words. E.g. The question
is asking me to . . .


Analyse the question

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