In-text references
An in-text reference consists of three things: the author’s name, the year the idea was published and the page number where you found the idea. These are placed in brackets next to the idea.
Whenever you use others’ ideas in assignments, you can present them as paraphrases, summaries or quotations.
Paraphrases and summaries are used so that the essential aspects of these ideas can be economically referred to within your own argument. Putting the information into your own words shows that you have understood what you have read.
Quotations are used where the original words are powerful, authoritative or memorable, and when the meaning will suffer if the words are paraphrased. Don’t use quotations too frequently as they can intrude into your own writing style.
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You must always acknowledge each paraphrase, summary or quotation with an in-text reference. To create an in-text reference from online material, treat it as normal text, putting author and year in brackets after the idea. If there is no author, then substitute the title of the document for the author’s name. |
