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EndNote and Footnoting

Check these guides on footnoting:

Contents

How do I find out if a particular style supports footnotes?

  • Select 'Edit'; then Output Styles > Open Style Manager
  • Highlight your selected style
  • The 'Comments' box under the 'Less Info/More Info' arrow symbol will give you information about the style and whether or not it supports footnotes.
    Click 'Style Info/Preview' to toggle between these two features.

I want to create footnotes with a bibliography at the end

There are two ways to use EndNote with footnotes:

  • You can create the footnotes using your word processor, and then insert the citations into the footnotes using a normal author-date style like MLA. After you format the paper, the footnotes will contain abbreviated in-text citations such as (Smith, 1992) and the full reference will appear in the list of references at the end of the paper.
  • You can create the footnotes using your word processor and then insert the citations into the footnotes using special footnoting styles. The standard EndNote output style for footnotes is Chicago 15thA, which is based on the Chicago Manual of Style (15th edition). With footnoting styles the citation may appear in the footnote as a complete reference, an abbreviated reference with just a short title, or as 'ibid.', depending on how the style is configured. The full reference will appear in the list of references at the end of the paper.

Using a special footnoting style with Microsoft Word

In this FAQ, we assume that you want to use one of the special footnoting styles, like Chicago 15th for Humanities subjects or AGLC2 for Law.

  • Make sure you can see your document in 'Print Layout' by going to 'View' and then choosing 'Print Layout'.
  • In your Word document place your cursor where you want to insert the footnote reference mark.
  • Click on 'Insert' from the menu bar, then on 'Reference' and finally on 'Footnote'.
  • You will have to make a choice. 'Footnote' is where the notes appear at the bottom of each page or under the text.
    'Endnotes' is where the footnotes appear at the end of the document (this is different to your EndNote software).
  • Then choose the 'Number Format' or 'Custom Mark' (where you can choose a symbol to mark the footnotes) and click on 'Insert'.
  • Use the 'Find Citation(s)' icon on the toolbar to select your reference and insert the citation into the footnote.
  • Repeat this procedure for each footnote.
  • EndNote should insert the citations in the Footnotes and produce a bibliography at the end of the document.
    If it is not doing this, use the 'Format Bibliography' icon on the toolbar.
    Click on the 'Instant Formatting' tab, then the 'enable' button and OK. Your citations should now update automatically.
  • You must insert a Page Break before the bibliography at the end of the document. To do this:
    • Position the cursor just before your heading for the bibliography (References, Bibliography).
    • Click on 'Insert' from the menu bar.
    • Click on 'Break' and choose the default 'Page break'. This will ensure your bibliography is printed on a separate page at the end of your document, while the footnotes will appear in the correct format at the bottom of each page.
  • For more detailed Help see Chapter 10 of the EndNote manual and the help screens in Microsoft Word.

I want footnotes but I don't need a bibliography at the end

If you are writing a short work, such as a journal article or essay, you may not require a separate bibliography at the end of the document. You can change the output style so that a bibliography does not appear.

  • Go to Edit > Output Styles > Open Styles Manager
  • Highlight the style and click on the 'Edit' button.
  • Select File>Save As and save the output style under a new name.
  • In the left-hand frame, click on the + to open up the 'Footnotes' heading.
  • Then highlight 'Templates'.
  • On the right-hand side of the edit window, make sure the box 'Include references in bibliography' at the top of the screen is clear.
  • Close the edit window by clicking on the black X button (not the red one) at the top right.
  • When prompted, save the changes that you have made.

I've begun a new chapter. How do I make the footnote numbering start at 1?

  • At the beginning of each chapter 'Insert' a 'Section break' so that each chapter is a separate Section.
  • When you insert your first footnote in a new chapter go to 'Insert', then 'Reference' and 'Footnote'.
  • Choose 'Restart Each Section' for your 'Numbering' instead of 'Continuous'.

    • How do I insert specific page numbers into a footnote?

  • To include specific page numbers for a reference in a footnote, highlight the citation and select the 'Edit Citation(s)' button on the EndNote toolbar or go to Tools > Edit Citation(s).
  • Look for the space labelled 'Pages' in the box that appears, type the page number(s) and click on OK.
  • This will only work if the EndNote output style can handle 'Cited Pages'. Most of the special footnoting styles can do this.
  • Please note that the specific page numbers will not appear in the bibliography at the end of the document.

    • What happens when some of my citations are repeated?

  • Most footnote styles require citations to be abbreviated if they have already been cited once. If the reference is cited again in the following footnote, EndNote will just insert 'Ibid'.
  • If the reference is cited again, but not in the immediately following footnote, EndNote will often use a short form of citation consisting only of the Author and the Title.
  • If the reference in your EndNote library already includes something in the 'Short Title' field, the output style may use this instead of the 'Title' field.
  • After EndNote 6, the 'Short Title' field is available in all reference types. You must decide what the 'Short Title' should look like and type this information into the 'Short Title' field. In EndNote 5 and earlier versions, the 'Short Title' field is not available unless you first modify the reference types to make it appear.
  • If you wish to edit an output style to change the way in which it handles repeated citations in footnotes, go to Edit > Output Styles > Open Styles Manager
    Highlight the style and click on the 'Edit' button.
  • In the left-hand frame, click on the + to open up the 'Footnotes' heading.
  • Then highlight 'Repeated Citations' and make your choices as to how you want them to be treated.

    • How can I remove the author's name from a citation?

    When using an author/date style (such as Harvard), EndNote allows you to modify the citations by removing the author or year from the citation. Unfortunately, this is not possible with a footnote style.