This unit examines the historical background associated with social policy. It considers the concept of the 'welfare state' and notions relating to universalism and residualism. Contrasting ideological perspectives on social policy are discussed as well as the different frameworks adopted by various OECD countries. The distinctive approach to social policy issues in Australia is explored along with how the process of social policy making takes place. The unit also includes specialist study of specific policy areas, such as unemployment, health and education.