This unit focuses on the experiences of refugees in 21st century Australia. It considers the Australian Government's legal and political responsibilities and responses to refugees. It examines the causes and effects of fear-based attitudes recognising that the failure of multiculturalism to address these fears has enabled a return to the Fortress Australia mentality. Refugees as survivors of torture, trauma, war and loss are considered through the eyes of Australian professionals working with refugees. Refugee representations and contributions through oral history and the creative arts are explored.