This unit is designed to provide students with the skills required to measure performance in complex multi-input, multi-output firms and organisations. The main empirical methods used will be index numbers, stochastic frontier analysis, distance functions and data envelopment analysis. A variety of case studies will be analysed, including electricity supply, railways, hospitals, banks and agriculture. Students will learn how to measure and decompose productivity differences into various components, including technical efficiency, allocative efficiency, scale efficiency and technological change.