Copyright Glossary

This page is being developed. If you have terms that you would like us to consider including in the glossary, please email the Copyright Office at copyright@une.edu.au, and we will add them.

Anthology

Australian Copyright Council

The Australian Copyright Council is an organisation which provides information, advice and training about copyright in Australia.

AVCC

The Australian Vice-Chancellors' Committee, originally formed in May 1920. It was renamed in May 2007 as Universities Australia.

CAL

Copyright Agency Limited, a collecting agency which represents copyright owners as their non-exclusive agent to licence the copying of their works to the general community.

Communication

'Communication' means both 'making available online' and 'electronically transmitting'. A work is made available online when it is uploaded onto a server in a form which is able to be accessed by students. A work is electronically transmitted when it is sent as a file attachment or an email to another person.

Copying-see Reproduction

Copyright

Databases

Distribution

Educational licences

The educational licences include the two statutory licences (the Part VA Licence and the Part VB Licence) and the Tertiary Music Licence. These educational licences allow licenced copying and communication of copyright materials for educational purposes without having to seek explicit permission from copyright owners.

Educational purposes

Electronically transmitting

A work is electronically transmitted when it is sent as a file attachment or an email to another person.

Exceptions

There are a number of exceptions to the Copyright Act which permit the use of copyright material without needing the permission of the copyright owner, for example the fair dealing exception or the educational licences. For some of the exceptions, the copyright owner receives payment, others are free exceptions.

Infringement

Insubstantial portions

Insubstantial portion is one of the exceptions to the Copyright Act that allows limited amounts of copying for educational purposes.

Labelling

Licences

Limits

Marking

Moral rights

Moral rights are the rights individual creators have in relation to copyright works or films they have created. Moral rights are separate from the economic rights of the copyright owner. The creator of the work, who holds the moral rights, is not necessarily the owner of the copyright in the work.

Out of copyright

If copyright in an item has expired it is considered to be in the public domain, and you may use it without seeking permission from the owner or needing to comply with the conditions of the Copyright Act.

Out of print

A work is out of print if you can confirm that it is no longer in print or available for purchase. If a work is confirmed as out of print or unavailable for purchase, you can copy more than the usual limits, up to the whole work if it is for study or educational purposes.

Part VA

The Part VA Licence is one of the educational licences. It is also known as the Screenrights Licence. It allows copying of the whole or part of broadcasts from radio, free-to-air television, cable television, satellite television, and some podcasts.

Part VB

The Part VB Licence is one of the educational licences. It is also referred to as the CAL Licence. It allows the reproduction and communication of text and graphic works for the educational purposes of the University.

Periodical

A periodical is a publication published on a periodic basis, for example weekly, monthly, quarterly, and annually. It includes newspapers, magazines, and academic and professional journals.

Public domain

Public domain means different things to different people and should be used with caution. If copyright in an item has expired, it is considered to be in the public domain and can be freely used without needing permission from the copyright owner. However, material on the web is also referred to as 'in the public domain' but copyright still applies.

Published editions

A published edition refers to the printed edition of a work such as the typographical arrangement and layout of the published edition and lasts for 25 years from the year in which it was published.

Published works

Published works are works that have been made available to the public, i.e. published in hard copy form, or made available on the internet.

Reproduction

'Reproduction' means any form of copying, for example photocopying, printing, downloading, scanning.

Screenrights

Screenrights is a collecting agency which represents copyright owners and collects royalties for television and radio broadcasts under the Part VA Licence.

Separately published

Statutory licences

These educational licences, often referred to as Part VB and Part VA , are administered by the Copyright Agency Limited (CAL) and Screenrights, who represent copyright owners. The licences allow licenced copying and communication of copyright materials for educational purposes without having to seek explicit permission from copyright owners.

Tertiary Music Licence

An educational licence negotiated between the AVCC and the music collecting societies for the copying of musical works.

Third party material

Third party material is material for which neither you nor UNE is the copyright owner. This might include journal articles, book chapters and such like.

Universities Australia
(formerly the AVCC)

Formerly the AVCC (Australian Vice-Chancellors' Committee). Universities Australia was established on 22 May 2007 as the peak body representing the university sector.

Unpublished works

Unpublished works are works that have never been made available to the public (i.e. published in hard copy form or made available on the internet). Unpublished works are subject to copyright and the copyright does not expire as long as they remain unpublished.

Warning notices

These are compulsory notices warning students or staff against copyright infringement. Particular notices must accompany third party copyright material that the University distributes to students (e.g. for readings on CD or for audio-visual material), or be affixed to equipment such as photocopiers or computers that students may use to copy copyright-protected material.

Works

The Copyright Act categorises copyright material into 'works' and 'subject matter other than works'. Works includes artistic works, literary works, musical works, and dramatic works. Subject matter other than works includes films, sound recordings, broadcasts and published editions.