A counterfactual Constitution is no more than an imaginary version of some existing or proposed Constitution. In the headlong rush (by some) towards a republican Constitution for Australia, there have been republican counterfactuals published on the Web by both Malcolm Turnbull and George Winterton (see below). This one retains the Westminster system of representative parliamentary government, but with an Australian as Head of State. It also carefully removes the second tier of government - the State parliaments - from the Australian system of government, and allows for the setting up of genuinely regional governments.